Incorporation of graphene oxide in polyethersulfone mixed matrix membranes to enhance hemodialysis membrane performance.

M Z Fahmi,Abdulloh Abdulloh,S Wafiroh,M Khasanah,Y Rahardjo,M Wathoniyyah

doi:10.1039/c7ra11247e

M Z Fahmi, Abdulloh Abdulloh + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra11247e

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Journal: RSC advances	Publication Date: Jan 1, 2018
Citations: 44	License type: CC BY 3.0

Affiliation: Airlangga University

Abstract

Graphene is a carbon allotrope and possesses numerous unique properties which make it an attractive material in many areas. In this work, graphene oxide (GO) was added to polyethersulfone (PES) mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) to improve the performance of hemodialysis membranes. GO was synthesized from tartaric acid by pyrolysis with various temperatures of the pyrolysis and the membrane was fabricated by a casting solution method followed by its characterization. The MMMs showed better mechanical properties than pristine PES with a tensile stress and tensile strain value of 5.55 MPa and 0.039 m, respectively. The hydrophilicity of the membranes which is in agreement with contact angle values showed that GO addition increased the hydrophilicity of the MMMs. Hence, the solute flux and clearance of creatinine gave values of 2.94 L m−2 h−1 and 78.3%, respectively. Cross sectional images and the surface morphology were also recorded using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The resulting data proved that the modified MMMs can be a potential material for hemodialysis.

Highlights

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a world-wide disease and was ranked 17th as the leading cause of death globally based on a study by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) in 2015.1 The Kidney Disease Quality Outcome Initiative (KDQOI) de ned CKD as kidney damage or a Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR) < 60 mL minÀ1/1.73 m2 for 3 months or more regardless of the cause.[2]
A possible mechanism of graphene oxide (GO) formation from pyrolysis of tartaric acid is described in Scheme 1
The creatinine clearance value of the PES/GO350 membranes indicates a higher ability for creatinine removal compared to the PES membranes; the percentage of creatinine clearance in PES/GO350 was lower than that in PES itself. This is in good agreement with the oxygen-containing groups of GO forming hydrogen bonds with molecules of creatinine making it easier to pass through the membrane. This result indicates that addition of GO into the membranes improved the membrane’s ability to remove creatinine molecules and it may be considered as a substitute material for hemodialysis membranes

Summary

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a world-wide disease and was ranked 17th as the leading cause of death globally based on a study by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) in 2015.1 The Kidney Disease Quality Outcome Initiative (KDQOI) de ned CKD as kidney damage or a Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR) < 60 mL minÀ1/1.73 m2 for 3 months or more regardless of the cause.[2]. The mechanical strength, functional group assessment, and hydrophilicity are important data that need to be improved as well as the morphology of the membrane. Where SC (%) represents the solute clearance, and C0 and Ct are the creatinine concentration at an initial time before passing through the membrane and 40 minutes a er passing through the membrane, respectively.

Results

Conclusion