Incorporation of Copper-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanospheres in Experimental Dental Composites: Chemical and Mechanical Characterization.

Danijela Marovic,Aldo R Boccaccini,Håvard J Haugen,Kai Zheng,Zrinka Tarle,Matej Par,Visnja Negovetic Mandic

doi:10.3390/ma14102611

Danijela Marovic, Aldo R Boccaccini + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14102611

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Abstract

Experimental dental resin composites incorporating copper-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres (Cu-MBGN) were designed to impart antibacterial and remineralizing properties. The study evaluated the influence of Cu-MBGN on the mechanical properties and photopolymerization of resin composites. Cu-MBGN were synthesized using a microemulsion-assisted sol–gel method. Increasing amounts of Cu-MBGN (0, 1, 5, and 10 wt %) were added to the organic polymer matrix with inert glass micro- and nanofillers while maintaining a constant resin/filler ratio. Six tests were performed: X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), Vickers microhardness (MH), and degree of conversion (DC). FS and MH of Cu-MBGN composites with silica fillers showed no deterioration with aging, with statistically similar results at 1 and 28 days. FM was not influenced by the addition of Cu-MBGN but was reduced for all tested materials after 28 days. The specimens with 1 and 5% Cu-MBGN had the highest FS, FM, MH, and DC values at 28 days, while controls with 45S5 bioactive glass had the lowest FM, FS, and MH. DC was high for all materials (83.7–93.0%). Cu-MBGN composites with silica have a potential for clinical implementation due to high DC and good mechanical properties with adequate resistance to aging.

Highlights

Similar behavior was demonstrated by bioactive glass (BG) resin composites, whose mechanical properties and degree of conversion (DC) deteriorated in a dose-dependent manner with the increase in BG ratio [8,10]
This study aimed to examine the influence of the addition of Cu-MBGN with proven antibacterial effect on selected mechanical and curing properties of experimental resin composites
Trimodal approach with the addition of Cu-MBGN combined with silica nanofillers and inert glass microfillers seemed to benefit the durability of their flexural strength (FS) and MH, especially after

Summary

Introduction

Conventional restorative materials have several drawbacks, with one of the greatest being the occurrence of caries surrounding them, the so-called secondary caries [1].Secondary caries is the major cause for restoration replacement and causes a significant workload escalation and economic burden [2].The issue of secondary caries has enticed our research group to develop remineralizing bioactive materials with the addition of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) [3,4,5,6] and45S5 bioactive glass (BG) fillers [7,8,9,10,11]. Conventional restorative materials have several drawbacks, with one of the greatest being the occurrence of caries surrounding them, the so-called secondary caries [1]. Secondary caries is the major cause for restoration replacement and causes a significant workload escalation and economic burden [2]. The issue of secondary caries has enticed our research group to develop remineralizing bioactive materials with the addition of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) [3,4,5,6] and. The supersaturated calcium and phosphate ion concentrations released by ACP resin composites have been shown to induce hydroxyapatite formation and remineralization [12]. The amorphous structure and solubility of ACP fail to provide strong mechanical properties of resin composites [3,4,5]. Similar behavior was demonstrated by BG resin composites, whose mechanical properties and degree of conversion (DC) deteriorated in a dose-dependent

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