Abstract
AbstractMesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBG) are multifunctional building blocks for tissue regeneration and nanomedicine applications. Incorporation of biologically active ions can endow MBG with additional functionalities toward promoted therapeutic effects. Here, boron is incorporated into MBG by using a sol–gel approach. The concentration of boron incorporated is controllable by tuning the amount of boron precursor. Two types of boron‐doped MBG, namely 10B‐ and 15B‐MBG (5.8 and 6.5 mol% of B2O3, respectively) are synthesized. Boron incorporation does not significantly influence the particle morphology. All synthesized particles exhibit a sphere‐like shape with a size ranging from 100 to 300 nm. 10B‐ and 15B‐MBG show large specific surface area (346 and 320 m² g−1, respectively) and pore volume. Both boron‐doped MBG exhibit remarkable in vitro bioactivity and noncytotoxicity. Boron incorporation is shown to reduce the inflammatory response linked to macrophages as indicated by downregulated expression of pro‐inflammatory genes. However, boron incorporation delays the osteogenic differentiation in osteoblasts as indicated by the downregulated expression of pro‐osteogenic genes. The results demonstrate the promising potential of using boron‐doped MBG to modulate inflammatory response for bone regeneration under inflammatory conditions, as shown in this study for the first time.
Highlights
Mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBG) are multifunctional building crobial activity are expected to greatly blocks for tissue regeneration and nanomedicine applications
It has been reported that bioactive glasses (BG) nanoparticles with SiO2-CaO composition could induce pro-osteogenic activities only when osteogenic differentiation supplements were added in the culture medium.[50]
The downregulated expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) and OPG genes was observed in all experimental groups, and boron-containing MBG induced the downregulation to a greater extent (Figure 6b)
Summary
In this study boron-free and boron-containing MBG were produced by using a microemulsion assisted sol–gel approach that www.particle-journal.com has shown the capability to synthesize mesoporous nanoparticles of different morphologies and chemical compositions.[28,29,30,31] As shown in the schematic diagram of the MBG synthesis (Figure 1a), ethyl acetate was used to form oil-in-water microemulsion droplets as the templates of nanoparticles while CTAB acted as the template guiding the formation of mesopores. The viability of ST2 cells was not affected by the particles at the concentration of 1 mg mL−1, but MBG and boron-containing MBG were shown to induce inflammatory response in macrophages as compared to the control. It is known that active ions can only induce favorable biological responses at appropriate concentrations,[13] which means biological stimulation (including osteogenic activity) induced by BG is concentrationand time-dependent as well as being related to their chemical
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