Abstract
BackgroundThis study evaluated the effect of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) supplementation, rich in punicic acid (55 %/C18:3-9c,11 t,13c/CLNA), on the lipid profile and on the biochemical and oxidative parameters in the gastrocnemius muscle and adipose tissues of healthy rats. Linseed oil (LO), rich in linolenic acid (52 %/C18:3-9c12c15c/LNA) was used for comparison.MethodsMale Wistar rats (n = 56) were distributed in seven groups: control (water); LNA 1 %, 2 % and 4 % (treated with LO); CLNA 1 %, 2 % and 4 % (treated with PSO), po for 40 days. The percentages were compared to the daily feed intake. Fatty acid profile were performed by gas chromatography, antioxidant enzymes activity by spectrophotometer and the adipocytes were isolated by collagenase tissue digestion. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to check for differences between the groups (control, LNAs and CLNAs) and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to project the groups in the factor-place (PC1 vs PC2) based on the biochemical responses assessed in the study.ResultsThe fatty acids profile of tissues showed that the LNA percentages were higher in the animals that were fed LO. However, PA was only detected in the adipose tissues. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was present in all the tissues of the animals supplemented with PSO, in a dose dependent manner, and 9c11t-CLA was the predominant isomer. Nevertheless there were no changes in the total weight gain of the animals, the weights of the tissues, and the oxidative stress parameters in the muscle. In addition, there was an increase in the size of the epididymal fat cells in the groups treated with PSO. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the CLNAs groups were arranged separately with a cumulative variance of 68.47 %.ConclusionsThe results show that PSO can be used as a source of CLAs but that it does not cause changes in body modulation and does not interfere in the antioxidant activity of healthy rats.
Highlights
Conjugated fatty acids (CFAs) is the general term for a group of positional and geometric isomers of polyunsaturated fatty acids with conjugated double bonds [1]
The results presented here agree with some other studies that have shown that conjugated α-linolenic acid (CLNA) are metabolized to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and that the isomer C18:2-9c11t was detected in the tissues of groups supplemented with punicic acid (PA) [23, 33,34,35]
This would be a possible explanation for the results found here, since the PA present in the pomegranate seed oil (PSO) was metabolized in the studied tissues mainly as 9c11tCLA
Summary
Conjugated fatty acids (CFAs) is the general term for a group of positional and geometric isomers of polyunsaturated fatty acids with conjugated double bonds [1]. Another type of conjugated, conjugated linolenic acid (CLNAs), has been drawing attention recently and de Melo et al Lipids in Health and Disease (2016) 15:40 has been the subject of research to evaluate its effects on the body Because they are metabolized to CLAs form in several animal models, studies are suggesting that they have the same effects of CLAs. Because they are metabolized to CLAs form in several animal models, studies are suggesting that they have the same effects of CLAs In this line, the objective of this study was to evaluate the supplementation effect with pomegranate seed oil (PSO), rich in Punicic acid (CLNA) on the lipid profile and on the biochemical and oxidative parameters in the muscle and adipose tissues of healthy rats
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