Abstract
In current practice, prostate cancer staging alone is not sufficient to adequately assess the patient’s prognosis and plan the management strategies. Multiple clinicopathological parameters and risk tools for prostate cancer have been developed over the past decades to better characterize the disease and provide an enhanced assessment of prognosis. Herein, we review novel prognostic biomarkers and their integration into risk assessment models for prostate cancer focusing on their capability to help avoid unnecessary imaging studies, biopsies and diagnosis of low risk prostate cancers, to help in the decision-making process between active surveillance and treatment intervention, and to predict recurrence after radical prostatectomy. There is an imperative need of reliable biomarkers to stratify prostate cancer patients that may benefit from different management approaches. The integration of biomarkers panel with risk assessment models appears to improve prostate cancer diagnosis and management. However, integration of novel genomic biomarkers in future prognostic models requires further validation in their clinical efficacy, standardization, and cost-effectiveness in routine application.
Highlights
Extent of urological cancers is assessed universally by the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM)system which is considered the “gold standard” for staging and benchmark for prognostication [1].Currently, the goals of modifications in TNM staging classifications are being tailored towards a more “personalized” model rather than being based solely on anatomical factors
The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (8th AJCC) staging system provides major evidence-based changes by incorporating clinical and pathological variables in prostate cancer to make staging more relevant for precision medicine [2,3]
The AJCC aims at building on the anatomic basis of disease while incorporating additional clinical and pathological variables including biomarkers and risk assessment models that have been rigorously studied to predict prognosis [2]
Summary
Extent of urological cancers is assessed universally by the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM). The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (8th AJCC) staging system provides major evidence-based changes by incorporating clinical and pathological variables in prostate cancer to make staging more relevant for precision medicine [2,3]. The AJCC aims at building on the anatomic basis of disease while incorporating additional clinical and pathological variables including biomarkers and risk assessment models that have been rigorously studied to predict prognosis [2]. Multiple clinicopathological parameters and risk assessment tools for prostate cancer have been developed to better discriminate the risk and provide an adequate assessment of outcome. These clinical parameters are mainly the D’Amico derived systems that include National Comprehensive Cancer. Risk stratification models proved to be well correlated with cancer specific mortality [5,6,7,8,9]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
