Abstract
ABSTRACTThere is a large body of literature, spanning multiple disciplines, concerned with the relationship between traditional (physical) shopping and associated travel behaviour. However, despite the recent rapid growth of digital retailing and online shopping, the impact on travel behaviour remain poorly understood. Although the issue of the substitution and complementarity between conventional and virtual retail channels has been extensively explored, few attempts have been made to extend this work so as to incorporate virtual retail channels into modelling frameworks that can link shopping and mobility decisions. Here, we review the existing literature base with a focus on most relevant dimensions for personal mobility. How online activity can be incorporated into operational transport demand models and benefits of such effort are discussed. Existing frameworks of shopping demand are flexible and can, in principle, be extended to incorporate virtual shopping and the associated additional complexities. However, there are significant challenges associated with lack of standard ontologies for crucial concepts and insufficiencies in traditional data collection methods. Also, supply-side questions facing businesses and policy-makers are changing as retailing goes through a digital transformation. Opportunities and priorities need to be defined for future research directions for an assessment of existing tools and frameworks.
Highlights
We have examined how shopping behaviour has been addressed by the travel demand modelling community and closely related disciplines such as marketing and retail studies
Our review has highlighted the existence of a huge body of knowledge on conventional shopping and related travel behaviour, covering multiple inter-related dimensions
The existing modelling frameworks used in practice and for research are flexible and can, in principle, be extended to incorporate online shopping and associated complexities
Summary
Town planning professionals are increasingly interested in understanding implications of these trends for personal travel and logistics. Since the early 1900s, long before the emergence of e-commerce, researchers aspire to better understand how shopping activity changes over time and in response to interventions as shopping is one of the most common purposes for personal trips (19% of all trips in England in 2014 (Department for Transport, 2017) and 20% in US in 2009 (Santos, McGuckin, Nakamoto, Gray, & Liss, 2011)). Travel demand models often treat shopping separately. The literature on online shopping, is mostly separate from this traditional shopping literature and focused on quantifying the overall net effects (Section 2). Incorporating new online forms of shopping into conventional and widely applied demand models has received little attention. Emerging temporal and spatial demand profiles can be studied to help answer today’s pressing business and policy questions. We limit our focus to modelling personal travel, the discussion on freight transport models is limited
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