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Abstract
The dynamics of cellular aggregates is driven by the interplay of mechanochemical processes and cellular activity. Although deterministic models may capture mechanical features, local chemical fluctuations trigger random cell responses, which determine the overall evolution. Incorporating stochastic cellular behavior in macroscopic models of biological media is a challenging task. Herein, we propose hybrid models for bacterial biofilm growth, which couple a two phase solid/fluid mixture description of mechanical and chemical fields with a dynamic energy budget-based cellular automata treatment of bacterial activity. Thin film and plate approximations for the relevant interfaces allow us to obtain numerical solutions exhibiting behaviors observed in experiments, such as accelerated spread due to water intake from the environment, wrinkle formation, undulated contour development, and the appearance of inhomogeneous distributions of differentiated bacteria performing varied tasks.
Highlights
Bacterial biofilms provide basic model environments for analyzing the interaction between mechanical and cellular aspects of three-dimensional self-organization during development
Biofilms are formed when bacteria encase themselves in a hydrated layer of self-produced extracellular matrix (ECM) made of exopolymeric substances (EPS) [1]
We present a cellular automata approach based on dynamic energy budget descriptions of bacterial metabolism
Summary
Bacterial biofilms provide basic model environments for analyzing the interaction between mechanical and cellular aspects of three-dimensional self-organization during development. Biofilms are formed when bacteria encase themselves in a hydrated layer of self-produced extracellular matrix (ECM) made of exopolymeric substances (EPS) [1]. Biofilms spreading on air–agar interfaces contain small volume fractions of extracellular matrix [11], producing wrinkled shapes with internal water flow. This motivates different treatments of the extracellular matrix, see [20,21] for biofilms in flows and [4,5,11,22] for biofilms on interfaces with air or tissues, for instance. Small molecules diffusing rapidly are considered part of the fluid
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