Incorporación de los «cuidados paliativos precoces» en la actividad de una consulta externa de cuidados paliativos en un centro oncológico terciario

Abstract

ObjectiveTo audit the quality of care delivered in our Outpatient Clinic (OC) after its inception following an early palliative care (EPC) model, and to compare our experience with the relevant literature. Material and methodsA descriptive observational retrospective study was conducted on 100 consecutive advanced cancer patients who attended our OC in 2013. The cases are analyzed using 20 variables selected by consensus, and grouped into 6 categories (demographics [2], primary tumor [1], access to OC [1], OC clinical diagnoses [6], OC activity [7], impact [3]) ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 75 years, and 38% suffered from lung cancer. EPC criteria were completely fulfilled by 17%, and a further 26% partially fulfilled them. Only 33% of the patients would be considered traditional terminal cancer patients. Emerging clinical diagnoses were found in the sample: vitamin D deficiency 35%, adrenal insufficiency 18%, hypogonadism 5%, chemotherapy and radiotherapy induced encephalopathy 4%, aberrant opioid related behaviors 2%. The average number of visits to the OC was 3.5, plus an average of 1.14 telephone consultations, and the median follow-up among patients who died was 3.7 months. Patients on chemotherapy (CTP) who completely fulfilled EPC criteria had a higher average number of visits (6.12), and survived longer until death (7.7) months. Complex hospital diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were required in 82% of the patients, and 31% received palliative radiotherapy. Two thirds of the patients were admitted to the inpatient acute Palliative Care Unit at any given point during follow-up, and the majority died in the Unit beds (44 patients out of 56 deaths). The number of visits to the emergency department within 30 days of death was low (39 visits for 56 patients), and CTP within 30 days of death was also low (5.3%). DiscussionThe non-statistical analysis suggests that the OC attends a population with a varied survival and origin, but with the common characteristics of complex palliative care needs. Our preliminary data do not contradict current hypothesis suggesting that EPC might be cost saving. ConclusionOur initial experience with an OC suggests that an EPC model is feasible in our own environment. On the other hand, our preliminary data does not fail to support the potential benefits associated with the implementation of EPC.