Abstract
To determine the prevalence and risk factors for incontinence-associated dermatitis in the elderly. Cross-sectional exploratory study carried out in public hospitals. The dermatitis prevalence and associations were obtained by calculating the ratio. The effect dimension was estimated by the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and statistical significance p <0.05. 138 elderly people were included, with an average age of 77.2 years old (± 9.3); 69 (50%) had combined fecal and urinary incontinence. The dermatitis prevalence was 36.2% (50); 28% (14) had pressure injuries; 14% (7), candidiasis. Risk factors were: longer hospital stay (Odds Ratio = 5.8 [2.6-12.9]), obesity (Odds Ratio = 3.6 [1.2-10.4]), high level of dependence (Odds Ratio = 2.4 [1,1-5,0]) and high risk for pressure injury (Odds Ratio = 6.1 [1,4-26,9]). The study found a high prevalence of dermatitis associated with incontinence. The early recognition of risk factors favors effective preventive actions.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONFormerly known as ammoniacal dermatitis, irritant dermatitis, primary irritative dermatitis, perineal dermatitis, was renamed after expert consensus, in 2007, for incontinenceassociated dermatitis (IAD)
Population or sample; criteria of inclusion and exclusionDiaper dermatitis, formerly known as ammoniacal dermatitis, irritant dermatitis, primary irritative dermatitis, perineal dermatitis, was renamed after expert consensus, in 2007, for incontinenceassociated dermatitis (IAD)
Through a multivariate analysis between the categories, it was possible to demonstrate that the Braden Scale categories associated with IAD were: constantly moist or often moist; completely immobile, very limited mobility; very limited sensory perception; bedfast patients; and friction identified as a problem
Summary
Formerly known as ammoniacal dermatitis, irritant dermatitis, primary irritative dermatitis, perineal dermatitis, was renamed after expert consensus, in 2007, for incontinenceassociated dermatitis (IAD). IAD is the most common type within the spectrum of skin lesions associated with moisture, which are IAD, peristomal dermatitis, intertrigo, and periorificial dermatitis, caused by moisture from different sources - respectively, fecal or urinary incontinence, peristomal drainage, sweating and wound drainage(3). In the elderly, this dermatitis has significant implications for quality of life and reflects the quality of care offered. Urinary and fecal incontinence is highly prevalent among the elderly and correlates with the detriment of mobility and cognitive function(5) This evidence can contribute to the onset or worsening of IAD. It requires nursing professionals to act, understand physiological aspects of the skin and intensify care through the nursing process, along with evidence-based protocols, to maintain and restore skin integrity
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