Abstract
The dermal route of exposure is often the primary route of occupational exposure to pesticides, and several investigators have reported that over 60% of the total absorbed dose was contributed by the dermal route (Durham et al. 1972; Fenske and Elkner 1990). Although handwashing procedures to assess occupational dermal exposure have been standard practice for several decades (Durham and Wolfe 1962), the validity of these results are not typically addressed. As a significant quantity of pesticide may remain sorbed to the skin on the hands, handwashing procedures probably underestimate exposure. Moreover, for those pesticides that most sorb to skin, handwashing exposure assessment procedures result in the most significant underestimates of the physiologically relevant dose.
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