Abstract

Abstract Evidence is presented that the excess surface net radiation calculated in general circulation models at continental surfaces is mostly due to excess incoming shortwave fluxes. Based on long-term observations from 22 worldwide inland stations and results from four general circulation models the overestimate in models of 20% (11 W m−2) in net radiation on an annual basis compares with 6% (9 W m−2) for shortwave fluxes for the same 22 locations, or 9% (18 W m−2) for a larger set of 93 stations (71 having shortwave fluxes only). For annual fluxes, these differences appear to be significant.

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