Income Distribution and Risks of Poverty in Southern Italy: Evidence from the EU-SILC Survey on Income and Living Conditions

Abstract

This paper focuses on income levels, inequalities and risks of poverty and social exclusion of the households living in Italy, with reference to the european and national framework. The comparison highlights a Southern gap as regards both income levels and income distribution between the South and the Centre-North of Italy, as well as within the region itself. Such a disparity is largely due to different employment opportunities (even between individuals with the same educational attainment) and different family structures. In fact, Italy has an higher proportion of households supported by just one earner and by a single source of income. Furthermore, the number of dependants - such as children, unemployed and elderly people - per household is relatively higher. The vulnerability of households is also measured, in paragraph 2, by the at-risk-of-poverty rate, one of the European Union core indicators. It counts how many individuals live in households having a such low level of income (less than 60% of the national median) that they're most likely to be poor - or at high risk of eventually becoming poor. Furthermore, the risk of social exclusion has been evaluated by a set of non-monetary indicators on living conditions, related to the consequences of the lack of personal resources (material, social, relational deprivation).