Abstract
Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are becoming vital parts of modern state estimation systems in smart grids because of their outstanding abilities. In this paper, an inclusive optimal PMU placement (OPP) is proposed as a mixed-integer programming with objective functions of minimizing the number of PMUs and maximizing measurement redundancy. Fuzzy memberships are used to transform differently scaled objective functions into the same range in order to ensure Pareto optimality of the solution. The properties of zero injection buses (ZIBs) are used to make buses observable in the network as a whole using the system of equations instead of focusing on each individual ZIB property. This can be beneficial in handling multiple ZIBs connected to each other. Also, conventional measurements are modeled in the proposed method, and a formulation is introduced for inclusion of multiple branch flow measurements (FMs) adjacent to a bus. In addition, changes in ZIB and FM sets after outage of a branch are considered in the proposed OPP for a more realistic solution. Results from testing the proposed OPP method are discussed and compared with previous methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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