Abstract
Sociologist Georg Simmel said the “secret would lose its savor” in describing the belief that prestigious ritualized practices of male bonding would be polluted if they included women.1 Joan Cassell applied this idea to the male-dominated field of surgery in The Woman in the Surgeon’s Body.1 Today, women comprise 40% of general surgery residents and 20% of attending general surgeons.2 Unfortunately, this increasing number of women surgeons has not translated to inclusion for women in surgery.3 We believe the surgeon archetype by which surgeons are judged limits the advancement of women surgeons.
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