Including English learners in multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) in reading: A CHAT-informed mixed methods investigation

Abstract

Effective inclusion of English Learners (ELs) in multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) is necessary for this growing subset of students to access the intended outcomes of MTSS, specifically improved academic outcomes. Facilitating MTSS systems that are appropriately responsive to the heterogeneous needs of ELs may be particularly challenging. In the current study, Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) guided survey and interview data collection and analysis of elementary teachers’ current experiences with including ELs in MTSS for reading. Quantitative findings indicated inclusive practices were common and that teacher perceptions about including ELs in MTSS were generally positive. Qualitative findings identified several sources of tension; these tensions are described and used to guide the identification of changes that have the potential for further improving MTSS for ELs.