Inclined magneto: convection, internal heat, and entropy generation of nanofluid in an I-shaped cavity saturated with porous media

Abstract

A numerical investigation of entropy generation due to MHD-free convective of Cu–water nanofluid in a porous I-shaped cavity is reported. The cavity is under Darcy law with inclined uniform magnetic field. The cavity is cooled from the top and a part of bottom wall subjected to uniform heat flux, while the other parts of walls of the cavity are adiabatic. Mathematical pattern formulated employing the single-phase nanofluid approach in governing equations the problem has been solved by finite difference technique. Prime efforts have been concentrated on the impacts of the pertinent parameters on the fluid flow and heat transfer inside the cavity. Numerical data have been plotted in the form of streamlines, isotherms, and average Nusselt numbers. The results show that the Nu number decreases via increasing the Ha number. It increases when the Ra number is increased. The maximum and minimum values of Nusselt occur at B = 0.2 and B = 0.8, respectively. Exerting an angle for magnetic flux leads to the improvement in thermal performance for all amount of B. The effects of Ha, nanofluid volume fraction, heat source size, location and angle of magnetic field on heat transfer, entropy generation, and thermal performance are completely studied and discussed.