Incidence of Tuberculosis in Latent TB Infected (LTBI) Patients Living with HIV under Antiretroviral Therapy in the Lom&amp;#233; Infectious Disease Department

Majesté Ihou Wateba,Awerewou Kotosso,Komi Adjoh,A Patassi,Lidawou Bawe,Abago Balaka

doi:10.4236/wja.2017.73018

Abstract

Objective: To determine the incidence of tuberculosis in person living with HIV infected by latent TB and under antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. Method: We studied prospectively for 36 months the occurrence of bacilliform pulmonary tuberculosis in patients infected with HIV, naive of BCG and receiving antiretroviral treatment. Each patient had an intradermal reaction (IDR) of 10 IU tuberculin Mérieux. The measurement of the nodule is made 72 hours later. During follow-up, patients were reviewed every six months for active tuberculosis. Results: A total of 212 out of 257 patients had an IDR greater than 5 mm, an ITL prevalence of 86.33%. Three patients were lost to follow-up during the study. The predominant female sex is 69.81%. The mean age was 42.8 ± 10.02 years. A previous history of tuberculosis was found in 14.15% of patients and 208 patients (98.11%) had HIV1. In 39.15% of patients, patients had a CD4 count lower than 350 cells/mm3 at baseline in the study. At the end of the three-year follow-up, among the 14 patients, 11 had failed ARV therapy and had developed TB, with an incidence of 2.20 cases per 100 patients. Conclusion: The incidence of active tuberculosis in LTBI was very high in HIV-positive patients with low CD4 count, hence the importance of reliable LTBI screening such as gamma interferon is better than patient follow-up.

Highlights

The incidence of active tuberculosis in Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) was very high in HIV-positive patients with low CD4 count, the importance of reliable LTBI screening such as gamma interferon is better than patient follow-up
We initiated this study to determine the incidence of tuberculosis disease among HIV infected patients who have never received tuberculosis vaccination, but under antiretroviral treatment, 3 years after, been detected latent TB infected at the Sylvanus Olympio hospital in Lomé
212 (148 women and 64 men) who had an intradermal reaction (IDR) skin test greater than 5 mm were included at 83.66%

Summary

Introduction

Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a persistent immune response to pre-. The evolution of LTBI to tuberculosis disease depends on several factors, including HIV immunodeficiency, as evidenced by the high incidence of TB in HIV [2] [3]. In patients infected with HIV and the KOCH bacillus, the annual risk of progression to tuberculosis disease is 10% [4] [5]. We initiated this study to determine the incidence of tuberculosis disease among HIV infected patients who have never received tuberculosis vaccination, but under antiretroviral treatment, 3 years after, been detected latent TB infected at the Sylvanus Olympio hospital in Lomé

Methods

Results

Conclusion