Abstract
ObjectivesBe aware of the burden of tuberculosis among high-risk population is important. Three hundred fifty-two children were participated in this study. Survival analysis was conducted. We assessed the incidence of tuberculosis and its predictors in children on ART.ResultsTuberculosis incidence rate in children on ART was 2.63 per 100 person-years. Those children who were on baseline World Health Organization clinical stages 3 and 4 (AHR (adjusted hazard ratio) = 3.0; 95% CI 1.2–7.7), “fair” and “poor” ART adherence (AHR = 4.0; 95% CI 1.5–10.8), late initiation of ART (AHR = 4.0; 95% CI 1.5–10.6), and less than 6 months duration on ART (AHR = 5.5; 95% CI 1.5–20.6) were more likely to develop tuberculosis infection. The incidence rate of TB in children on ART was high. This study suggests a need to give attention to advanced AIDS stages and improve timely initiation of ART and level of adherence to ART.
Highlights
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality among human immunodeficiency virus positive patients (HIV) [1, 2], in children [3, 4]
Tuberculosis incidence rate in children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) was 2.63 per 100 person-years. Those children who were on baseline World Health Organization clinical stages 3 and 4 (AHR = 3.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–7.7), “fair” and “poor” ART adherence (AHR = 4.0; 95% CI 1.5–10.8), late initiation of ART (AHR = 4.0; 95% CI 1.5–10.6), and less than 6 months duration on ART (AHR = 5.5; 95% CI 1.5–20.6) were more likely to develop tuberculosis infection
This study suggests a need to give attention to advanced Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) stages and improve timely initiation of ART and level of adherence to ART
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality among human immunodeficiency virus positive patients (HIV) [1, 2], in children [3, 4]. According to 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) report [5], 10% of TB cases were children and people living with HIV. In Ethiopia, around 16,000 TB cases were found in HIV positive patients [7]. The “End TB” strategy has set to stop TB epidemic through a process of reducing the number of TB deaths per year, TB incidence rate per year, and the catastrophic TB costs [8]. 0.28 per 100 person-years reported in Latin America [16], 0.83 in China [20], 4.0 in South Africa [21], and 17.4 in East Africa [22]
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