Incidence of Surgical Site Infection and Associated Risk Factors among Patients Admitted at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia

Belaynew Adugna

doi:10.7176/jhmn/84-02

Abstract

Introduction : Surgical site infection (SSI) is an infection which occurs after invasive surgical procedure. According to the US center for disease control definition, only infections occurring within 30 days of surgery (or within a year in the case of implants) are classified as SSIs. SSI is a common public health problem in both developing and developed countries. Purpose : The objective of this study was to assess the incidence and associated risk factors of SSI in Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Method : An institution-based prospective cohort study design was conducted from October 2019 to December 2019. All patients with major operations (elective and emergency) during the study period were included in the study. Result : The overall incidence rate of surgical site infection was 14.4%. Based on the ASA scoring 228 (53.8%) of the wounds was class I. The majority 72.2 % (306) of wounds were clean followed by 22.6% (96) clean contaminated. Alcohol consumption, class of wound and BMI were found to be statistically significant risk factors associated with the development of surgical site infection. Conclusion : Even though there are different preventive measures are being implemented in the hospital, the incidence of surgical site infection is found to be higher in our hospital. Keywords: surgical site infection, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/84-02 Publication date: December 31 st 2020

Highlights

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a type of health care associated infections, which is caused by bacteria that occurs at or near surgical incision within 30 days of operation or after 1 year if implant is placed[1]
They are associated with considerable morbidity and extended hospital stay resulting in a significant financial burden to health care seekers and the country in general
Materials and Methods Study area and design A hospital based prospective cohort study was conducted from October 2019 to December 2019 at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (FHCSH) in Bahirdar, North West Ethiopia

Summary

Introduction

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a type of health care associated infections, which is caused by bacteria that occurs at or near surgical incision within 30 days of operation or after 1 year if implant is placed[1]. SSIs have a significant effect on quality of life for the patient They are associated with considerable morbidity and extended hospital stay resulting in a significant financial burden to health care seekers and the country in general. It is increasingly recognized as a measure of the quality of patient care by both healthcare providers and the public [2, 3]. WHO review showed that in developing countries, 11% of patients infected in the surgical process. A systematic review on the incidence and economic burden of SSIs in India has showed a prevalence of 9 - 23% and GI surgery had high incidence of SSIs, the additional cost for extra days in hospital because of SSIs was high[5]

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