INCIDENCE OF RECTAL CANCER IN THE POPULATION OF THE MOSCOW REGION IN 2010–2014

Abstract

Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer ranks the third among all cancer incidence rates. Rectal neoplasms are frequently considered as a separate nosological entity. The incidence of rectal cancer (RC) can be influenced by patient age, gender, lifestyle, diet, genetic factors, as well as by the organization and quality of preventive activities in medical institutions focused on the early cancer diagnosis. Aim: To study changes in RC incidence among residents of the Moscow Region from 2010 to 2014. Materials and methods: The incidence rate of RC was estimated based on the state statistical report data on newly diagnosed cancers in the population of the Moscow Region in 2010–2014. The intensive incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 of respective population in six age and gender groups. Results: From 2010 to 2014, 6079 new RC cases were identified in the Moscow Region, among them 47% men and 53% women. More than half of all RC cases were in the age group of 60 to 79 years old (61.7% of men and 59.2% of women). During the 5-year period, the incidence rate of RC decreased from 18.3 to 17 per 100,000 of the male population and increased from 15.7 to 17.5 per 100,000 among the female population. There was a clear correlation between the RC incidence and the patient age. The peak incidence in men and women was seen in the age group of 70 to 79 years. From the age group of 50 to 59 years and on, the incidence of RC in men was higher than that in women. Conclusion: The results of this study can be used to optimize activities in the public healthcare system aimed at reduction of morbidity and mortality related to RC. Among the priority actions should be allocated to the development and implementation of primary prevention measures, in particular, undergo screening tests (fecal occult blood test or colonoscopy) in age groups at high risk.