Abstract
Background and objectives: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer as well as some extra-intestinal tumors, but there are still limited data about the risk of prostate cancer (PC). To analyze if there is an increased risk of PC in patients affected by IBD, we performed a systematic review with meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: A Pubmed search of all studies comparing standardized incidence ratio (SIR) or odds ratio (OR) or relative risks (RR) of PC between IBD and non IBD groups, published until March 2020 was conducted. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO. Twelve studies, mostly population studies, were included. The quality score of these studies, evaluated by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, was 7. The heterogeneity was high among the studies in which ulcerative colitis (UC) was considered separate from Crohn’s disease (CD) and in the studies that considered UC and CD together (“IBD-studies”), while it was low in the studies which considered CD separate from UC. Results: The relative risk of developing PC was 1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–2.51, p = 0.007) in IBD, 1.10 (95%CI 0.98–1.25, p = 0.116) in CD, and 1.22 (95%CI 0.98–1.51, p = 0.07) in UC. Conclusions: Patients with IBD appear to have a slightly increased risk of PC compared to the general population.
Highlights
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by a chronic idiopathic gastrointestinal inflammation due to a dysregulated immune response
The inclusion criteria were: (1) studies comparing the incidence of prostate cancer (PC) between a group of IBD patients and those without IBD or subjects belonging to the general population; (2) studies reporting standardized incidence ratio (SIR) or odds ratio (OR) or relative risks (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI); (3) whatever the sample was
Four papers were excluded as one study was a case-report, one study did not report the exact number of patients with PC, and two studies did not have a comparison with a non-IBD population
Summary
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by a chronic idiopathic gastrointestinal inflammation due to a dysregulated immune response. It is estimated that 1.5 million Americans and 2.2 million people in Europe are affected by IBD, and several studies have identified an increase in incidence, in newly industrialized countries [5,6]. Chronic inflammation is a well-known risk factor for cancer development, and in the literature, it is widely acknowledged that IBD is associated with a higher risk of intestinal cancers, such as colorectal. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer as well as some extra-intestinal tumors, but there are still limited data about the risk of prostate cancer (PC). To analyze if there is an increased risk of PC in patients affected by IBD, we performed a systematic review with meta-analysis. The quality score of these studies, evaluated by the Newcastle–Ottawa
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