Incidence of Pneumonia and Immunogenicity of 10-Valent Compared to 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines among Infants in Developing Countries

Abstract

Background. Pneumonia is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in children below 5 years of age. Most cases occur in low-middle income countries. The introduction of Pneumococcus Conjugate Vaccines (PCV) became an alternative way to prevent pneumonia, but limited fundings restrict implementation of PCV in national immunization program especially in developing countries. It is important to explore the effectivity and efficiency PCV10 compared to PCV13 to prevent pneumonia. Aim. To identify the immunogenicity and efficacy of PCV10 compared to PCV13 among infants in developing countries. Method. Electronic online literature searching was conducted through Pubmed and Cochrane with keywords “PCV10”, OR “PCV13”, AND “pneumonia”, AND “immunogenicity”, AND “infants”. Results. Two relevant articles were available and then were appraised. A study by Pomat et al with 1b level of evidence found the incidence of pneumonia for after PCV10 and PCV13 immunization were 25% and 19%, respectively. Protective IgG concentration for all serotypes (≥0,35 mcq/mL) after the administration of three primary doses (3+0) for either PCV10 or PCV13 was found to be available in 77% subjects at 4 months old. Temple et al (1b level of evidence) showed the proportion of subjects with protective IgG concentration for all serotypes in both PCV10 and PCV13 groups is 76.8-100%. Conclusion. Either PCV10 or PCV13 has almost similar effectivity and efficacy for immunogenicity and preventing the incidence of pneumonia. Other considerations in vaccine selections are local pneumococcal serotypes, price, and availability of vaccines for the long run.