Abstract
The incidence of oat stem rust in Europe between 1988 and 1996, as recorded in the European Oat Disease Nursery, varied from high (Austria, Yugoslavia, Italy), moderate (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Slovakia) to a low level (Great Britain). The occurrence of oat stem rust in the U.K. in 1992 was a rare event. A disease resistance index (DRI) was calculated for each of the cultivars or lines in the EODN and this ranged from 139 from Rodney M to 4 for the susceptible cv. Pan. A high DRI value is mainly an indication of major gene resistance. The virulence of Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae samples collected between 1989 and 1996 was studied in populations from Austria, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden and Yugoslavia. In addition, a few samples from Israel were analyzed. The effectiveness of the Pg resistance genes indicated that Pg 13 was the most effective followed by Pg a, Pg 16, Pg 4, Pg 15, Pg 9, Pg 12, Pg 2, Pg 8, Pg 1 and Pg 3. The effectiveness of unknown resistance genes in cv. Saia (Avena strigosa), A. sterilis accessions VIR 343–1 and VIR 343–2 was 99.0, 85.7 and 89.2, respectively.
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