Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients Admitted to Medical Wards with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Abstract

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) consists of a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that confer exaggerated risk of cardiovascular disease. MS is a novel risk factor for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and is a rising disease entity in Asia. Incidence of ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) is high in patients with MS. There is limited data on prevalence of MS in patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). To determine frequency of MS in patients admitted with STEMI. Hundred Consecutive patients between 25 to 75 years who were admitted with STEMI at Govt medical college Thrissur were included in this prospective study. Subjects were assessed for five-component conditions of metabolic syndrome. Criteria to identify MS were based on a "Consensus statement for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome for Asian Indians". Presence of three or more of following suggest MS, Waist Circumference (WC)>90 cm in men and 80 cm in women, Blood pressure >130/85 mm Hg, Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) >100 mg%, serum triglycerides >150 mg/dl, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)<40 mg/dl in male and<50 mg/dl in female. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi-Info software. Data expressed as numbers and percents were compared by Chi-square test. Study enrolled 100 patients (males 80, females 20) with a mean age of 58. Frequency of MS in patients with STEMI was 40% (36% of males and 55% of females). Prevalence of components in the MS group was WC >80/90 -31(71%), BP>130/85- 23(58%), FPG >100 - 37(93%), HDL <40 (male)/ 50 (female) - 18(45%), TG >150 -15(37.5%). The present study concluded that there is a remarkably high occurrence of metabolic syndrome and central obesity in patients with ST elevation Myocardial Infarction (MI) in our local population especially in females. Considering this fact the role of specific and targeted intervention for clinical detection and management of MS including lifestyle modifications needs to be addressed.