Incidence of lumpy skin disease among Egyptian cattle in Giza Governorate, Egypt

Salib Fa,Ah Ah,And Osman

doi:10.5455/vetworld.2011.162-167

Abstract

The present study was conducted on 500 cattle of different breed in Giza governorate. Their age ranged from 1-7 years of different sexes. All suspected animals were clinically examined. The recoded lesions including the complicated cases in different age and sexes were described. The infected animals were classified according to the severity of clinical status into mild and severe forms. The severe form was recorded in all ages and both sexes in the frezian cattle and some of the native ones while the mild form was recorded in native cattle.The morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates of LSD among examined Egyptian cattle were 100%, 1.8%, and 1.8% respectively. Grossly lumpy skin lesions appeared as nodules 1 to 7 cm in diameter and occurred anywhere on the animal body. The hair stands erected over early skin lesions. The nodules involved the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue and may even spread to the musculature. Histopathological examinations of lumpy skin disease revealed ballooning degeneration of stratum spinosum with microvesicles formation. Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies specific for LSD were detected by electron microscopy. The main target of treatment trials was to save the animal life and to prevent LSD complications.

Highlights

Lumpy skin disease (LSD, Pseudo-urticaria, Neethling virus disease, exanthema nodularis bovis and knopvelsiekte) was first described in Northern Rhodesia in 1929 by Morris (1930)
Results of different investigations are illustrated in the following: 1- Results of clinical examination: The infected animals were classified according to the severity of clinical status into: (I) Mild form: It was only observed in Egyptian native cattle which, appeared as one or two lumps
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an acute to chronic viral disease of cattle characterized by skin nodules that may have inverted conical necrosis with lymphadenitis accompanied by a persistent fever

Summary

Introduction

Lumpy skin disease (LSD, Pseudo-urticaria, Neethling virus disease, exanthema nodularis bovis and knopvelsiekte) was first described in Northern Rhodesia in 1929 by Morris (1930). The disease has spread over most of Africa in a series of epizootics as previously recorded by Davies (1991) and House (1990).The most recently affected countries include Kuwait in 1986-88 as mentioned by Anonymous (1988) and Israel in 1989 as previously recorded by Shimshony (1989). LSD was recorded in Egypt in 1988 where it was diagnosed clinically in Suez Canal governorate spread to the surrounding governorates in the summer of the same year and apparently over-wintered with little or no manifestations as reported by Salem (1989). LSD appeared in Egypt after importation of cattle from African countries. The diseases reappeared in Egypt at the summer of 1989 and, in a period of five to six months, it had been spread to 22 out of 26 Egyptian governorates. Morbidity rate was low, being 2% of whole Egyptian cattle population and approximately 1449 animals died (Davies)

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Conclusion