Abstract
To evaluate the incidence of complications related to the use of peripheral intravenous catheter in neonates and identify the associated risk factors. Prospective cohort study conducted in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Participants were the hospitalized neonates undergoing peripheral intravenous puncture in the period from February to June 2013. The incidence of complications was 63.15%, being infiltration/extravasation (69.89%), phlebitis (17.84%) and obstruction (12.27%). The risk factors were the presence of infection (p = 0.0192) and weight at the puncture day (p = 0.0093), type of intermittent infusion associated with continuous infusion (p <0.0001), endotracheal intubation (p = 0.0008), infusion of basic plan (p = 0.0027), total parenteral nutrition (P = 0.0002), blood transfusion associated with other infusions (p = 0.0003) and other drugs (p = 0.0004). Higher risk of developing complications in the first 48 hours after puncture. A high rate of complications related to the use of peripheral intravenous catheter, and risk factors associated with infection, weight, drugs and infused solutions, and type of infusion.
Highlights
The intravenous therapy uses intravenous devices as fundamental instruments, which are the commonly used technologies in the care of high-risk newborns[1]
Obstruction and infiltration/extravasation were recurrent in the first catheter, but phlebitis had the highest occurrence rates in the fourth catheter inserted in the same neonate
The type of intermittent infusion decreases the risk of developing a complication, and the intermittent infusion associated with continuous infusion increases the risk of developing peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVC) complications (p
Summary
The intravenous therapy uses intravenous devices as fundamental instruments, which are the commonly used technologies in the care of high-risk newborns[1]. Its use can lead to health problems in this population, nursing has the role of preventing complications that may result from the own patients, the device used and/or the care provided. The extensive use of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVC) is observed in the treatment of patients in healthcare facilities[2,3]. Local complications in peripheral intravenous therapy occurring around the puncture site are subject to observation and can be classified as infiltration, extravasation, thrombosis, phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, hematoma and local infection. The low durability of peripheral intravenous catheters is an important factor, and the frequent occurrence of complications stands out. A study conducted in the neonatal unit of the University Hospital Rio Hortega in Valladolid surveyed 143 catheters inserted in 68 neonates, and showed that the most frequent complications were extravasation (48.3%) and phlebitis (3.5%)(5)
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