Incidence of infectious diseases in infants under one year in the Astrakhan region in 2017-2021

Abstract

The purpose of the study. To analyze the epidemiological situation of “childhood infections” among children under 1 year old for 2017–2021 in the Astrakhan region. Materials and methods. There were analyzed, epidemiological maps of infants with “children’s” infections as well as maps of inpatient sick infants who were treated in an infectious hospital. The results of the study. The main complaints of the majority of patients were fever — 87.8% and exanthema syndrome — 84.6%. In rare cases, patients showed catarrhal phenomena of the upper respiratory tract — 13.2%. Dyspeptic phenomena were observed in 15.9% of children. In rare cases, patients had angina — 0.5% and lymphadenopathy — 8.9%. Conjunctivitis and scleritis were observed in 9.6% of infants, including twelve cases with whooping cough, four with chickenpox and 58 with measles. The phenomena of meningitis were observed in one child — 0.1% with chickenpox. Lesions of the lower respiratory tract in the form of bronchitis — in 18.5% of infants, including two infants with chickenpox, 117 infants with whooping cough and 24 infants with measles. Research limitations. Epidemiological maps of infants with “childhood” infections identified in them were studied, during which data on the structure of the incidence of measles, scarlet fever, whooping cough and chickenpox were analyzed. Conclusions. The leading place in the incidence in infants falls on chickenpox, group outbreaks of which were repeatedly recorded over 2017 and 2018. There is a decrease in the incidence of infections such as scarlet fever and whooping cough among infants under the age of 1 year. During 2020–2021, against the background of general well-being, there is an increase in the number of cases of measles among children of different age groups, including among infants under the age of 1 year. The main complaints were fever and exanthema syndrome.