Incidence of immediate postextubation complications in critically Ill adult patients

Abstract

BackgroundPostextubation complication rates vary among studies. It is necessary to standardize a method to identify postextubation complications and determine their potential association with extubation failure and reintubation in critically ill adult patients. ObjectivesTo describe immediate (up to 60 min) endotracheal postextubation complications in critically ill adult patients and determine whether these complications are associated with extubation failure. MethodsSecondary analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial that included 240 critically ill adult patients, who were eligible for extubation. Overall complications include at least one major complication (upper airway obstruction, desaturation, vomiting, post-obstructive pulmonary edema) and/or minor complications (bronchospasm, severe cough, hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, poor respiratory mechanics). ResultsIncidence of overall, major and minor complications was 71.2%, 30.9% and 62.7%, respectively. Forty (16.9%) patients failed extubation, and thirty (12.7%) were reintubated. Of 168 patients who developed a postextubation complication, 137 (81.5%) were successfully extubated. Only major complications were significantly associated with reintubation after extubation failure (p<0.001). ConclusionWe have observed high incidence rates of overall, major and minor complications. The development of major complications was statistically significantly associated with extubation failure and reintubation. It is still unknown whether the identification and treatment of immediate postextubation complications have positive effects on patients' clinical course or whether the complications are a mere effect of the extubation procedure.