Abstract
BackgroundPrevalence of HIV in Mozambique among individuals aged 15–49 years is 11.5%. The HIV prevalence is higher in women than in men across the country, peaking at ages 25–29 years and 35–39 years, respectively. In this study, we aimed at determining the prevalence and incidence of HIV, prevalence of Hepatitis B (HBV), and prevalence of syphilis in youths. We also characterized a cohort of youths for future participation in phase I/II HIV vaccine trials.MethodsThe study was conducted at a youth clinic in Maputo Central Hospital from August 2009 to October 2011. Youths of both genders aged 18–24 years (n = 1380) were screened for HIV using a sequential algorithm of two immunochromatographic assays, HBV using an enzyme linked immunosorbant test, and syphilis using a treponemal immunochromatographic strip test. The HIV seronegative participants (n = 1309) were followed-up for 12 months with quarterly study visits. The clinical and behavioral data were collected using structured questionnaires. The HIV seroconversions were confirmed by a molecular assay.ResultsThe study population was female dominant (76.8%). All participants had a formal education, with 44.6% studying for technical or higher education degrees. The mean age at sexual debut was 16.6 years (SD: ±1.74), with 85.6% reporting more than one sexual partner in life. The screening showed the prevalence of HIV, HBV, and syphilis at 5.1% (95% CI: 3.97–6.31), 12.2% (95% CI 10.5%–14.0%), and 0.36% (95% CI 0.15%–0.84%), respectively. The HIV incidence rate was found to be 1.14/100 person years (95% CI: 0.67–1.92). Retention rates were stable throughout the study being 85.1% at the last visit.ConclusionIncidence of HIV in this cohort of youths in Maputo was relatively low. Also, the prevalence of HIV and syphilis was lower than the national values in this age group. However, the HBV prevalence was higher than in previous reports in the country.
Highlights
HIV/AIDS continues to cause high morbidity and mortality, in sub-Saharan Africa [1]
The screening showed the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and syphilis at 5.1%, 12.2%, and 0.36%, respectively
The HIV incidence rate was found to be 1.14/100 person years
Summary
HIV/AIDS continues to cause high morbidity and mortality, in sub-Saharan Africa [1]. Women have a higher prevalence than men (13.1% vs 9.2%) [3]. In Mozambique, the peak of HIV prevalence is found in women aged 25–29 years (16.8%) and in men aged 35–39 years (14.2%) [3]. In 2012, the world HIV prevalence in youths aged 15–24 was 0.8% and 4.7% in Sub-Saharan Africa [4]. In Mozambique, the prevalence in this age group, in 2009, was 4.2% (4.8% and 3.5% in women and men, respectively) [3]. In sub-Saharan Africa, women face significantly higher risk of HIV acquisition and are infected at earlier ages. Prevalence of HIV in Mozambique among individuals aged 15–49 years is 11.5%. The HIV prevalence is higher in women than in men across the country, peaking at ages 25–29 years and 35–39 years, respectively. We characterized a cohort of youths for future participation in phase I/II HIV vaccine trials
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