Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis-C Patients Presenting to Lady Reading hospital, Peshawar- A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant complication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, with varying incidence and outcomes based on treatment history and co-infections like HIV. Understanding the risk factors and progression of HCC in hepatitis C patients is crucial for effective disease management. Objective: This study aimed to assess the incidence of HCC in patients with a history of hepatitis C, considering factors such as antiviral treatment and HIV co-infection. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from March 2022 to July 2023, involving 30 patients with decompensated liver disease or cirrhosis and a history of hepatitis C. Patients were evaluated for demographics, treatment history, PCR status, and HIV co-infection. Data analysis focused on the development of HCC in relation to these variables. Results: The study included 30 patients with a mean age of 61.57 ± 11.11 years, predominantly male (93.3%). Of these, 73.3% tested PCR positive for HCV, while 26.7% were PCR negative. A total of 43.3% had received antiviral treatment, while 56.7% had not. HIV co-infection was present in 13.3% of patients. HCC was observed in 80% of patients overall. Among those treated and PCR negative, 87.5% developed HCC. In contrast, 76.5% of untreated, PCR-positive patients developed HCC. Among HIV co-infected patients, 75% developed HCC. Conclusion: The study indicates a high incidence of HCC among hepatitis C patients, regardless of antiviral treatment status or PCR positivity. HIV co-infection appears to be a significant risk factor for HCC development. These findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring and proactive management of hepatitis C patients, especially those co-infected with HIV.