Abstract
Problems with legs and various forms of lameness of cows, in intensive milk production, are the third significant problem occuring in this production, after mastitis and reproductive disorders, both globally and in our country. The paper analyzes the incidence of the deformation of legs of 145 cows of the Simmental breed in the Kolubara region, and the influence of paragenetic factors (housing/holding and type of stall/bedding and lactation) on the incidence of deformations. The obtained results show that, of the total number of cows assessed, 3.45% had "X" position of the front legs, 14.8% had a "X" position of the hind legs. The convergent position of the front legs was recorded in 35.86%, and divergent in 8.28% of animals. The convergent position of the hind legs was observed in 16.55% of cows, and divergent in 2.76%. The outward position of the front legs was observed in 4.14% of cows, inward position in 11.03%, and broad position in 4.14% of studied cows. Also, 17.24% of the cows had a so called sable like position of hind legs, and 7.59% showed steap angle of hind legs. The pronounced soft front leg pasterns were observed in 7.59% of the cows, and the soft pasterns of the hind legs in 33.79% of the total number of observed cows. The observed changes in the ankles in the shape of swelling were recorded in 1.38% of cattle on the carpal joint and 2.76% on the tarsal ankle. The damaged shoulder and body joint (scabbed shoulder) was observed in 43.45% of the total number of cows evaluated. Scores for the front and hind legs front, back and side views, varied at different levels of significance under the influence of the type of stall/bedding, while the scores for the condition of the hind leg pasterns varied highly significantly (p<0.001) under the influence of the type of stall/bedding. The scores for the front leg pasterns and scores for shoulder and body joint were not significant (p> 0.05) depending on the type of stall/bedding and the method of housing/holding of cows.
Highlights
According to the literature data, leg problems and various forms of lameness of cows, in intensive milk production, are the third significant problem occuring in this production, after mastitis and reproductive disorders, both globally and in our country
The pronounced soft front leg pasterns were observed in 7.59% of the cows, and the soft pasterns of the hind legs in 33.79% of the total number of observed cows
On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that the average scores for the extremitis/limbs of Simmental Cows ranged from 4.1 to 4.9. By examining their variability under the influence of lactation number and type of stall/bedding, it has been concluded that the scores for front and rear leg positions front, rear and side view, varied at different levels of significance under the influence of the type of stall/bedding, while scores for the condition of the pasterns on the hind legs varied highly significantly (p
Summary
According to the literature data, leg problems and various forms of lameness of cows, in intensive milk production, are the third significant problem occuring in this production, after mastitis and reproductive disorders, both globally and in our country. Significant economic losses occur caused by the expense of treatment, reduction of milk production, deterioration of fertility and increase in the repair rate. Leg problems and various forms of lameness can contribute to reducing the amount of milk, according to individual authors, up to 30% (Bicalho et al, 2008; Ettema et al, 2007) Research in this field is considered very significant in economic terms. Lameness considerably reduce milk production, and is usually the result of a combination of different factors that persist for a long period of time. These factors include: heredity, nutrition, housing and environment.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
