Incidence of Bovine Anaplasma Marginale in Sindh, Pakistan

Abstract

The goal of the study was to look at the Incidence of Anaplasma marginale in cattle in the Thatta, Tharparkar and Hyderabad districts of Sindh, Pakistan. Using a multistage cluster random sampling technique, a total of n=1500 samples were obtained from chosen small holders and private animal farms. Using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent test, the overall Incidence of Anapalsma marginale infection was 38.13% (cELISA). The district with the greatest Incidence was Tharparkar (42.4%), followed by Thatta (37.2%) and Hyderabad (34.8%). Different age groups and breeds were shown to have a significant association. Competitive ELISA based on major surface protein-5 has a significant advantage over other serological markers for anaplasmosis because of its superior sensitivity (96%) and specificity (95%) for anaplasmosis. In all of the study districts, Incidence was considerably greater in small holders than in private livestock farms. In the summer, small-holder crossbred cattle over the age of four years from the Tharparkar district are more susceptible to Anaplasma marginale infection. The Tharparkar district's moderate climate encourages vector tick proliferation and multiplication. Furthermore, the higher Incidence of R. (Boophilus) microplus and stall feeding methods at Tharparkar may have contributed to the higher Incidence of Anaplasma marginale infection. The large variance in Incidence between study districts is explained by the fact that major parts of study districts have unique agro-ecological zones.