Abstract
Objective: Hospital acquired infection (HAI) is a major concern in hospital settings.Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI), patient and hospital related factor, offending microorganism and their antimicrobial sensitivity. Data were collected prospectively with patients admitted during study period.Results and discussion: 9.4% respondents were found to develop HAI. 60% patients with more than 3 visitor, 11.9% patient with prior antibiotic therapy and 24% patient with underlying illness developed HAI. 14.6% routine operation case and 24.5% emergency operation case developed HAI. 17.1% patients with invasive device therapy whereas 3.8% patients without any device therapy developed HAI. 31.8% patients having immunosuppressive therapy and 37% patients with frequent transfer within hospital whereas only 6.9% patients without transfer developed HAI. Bacteria isolated from HAI cases were identified to be member of nine different genera. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from 33% HAI case, while Acinetobacter baumanii and Escherichia coli isolated from 13% case and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 14% cases. Only colistin has sensitivity range from 76 to 100% while almost all other isolates were observed multi drug resistance (MDR).Conclusion: Comprehensive strategy should be undertaken to reduce risk of HAI.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(3) 2017 p.358-369
Highlights
Most infection acquired in the hospital are caused by microorganisms that are commonly present in the general population, in whom they cause disease less often and usually in a milder from than in hospital patients[9]
The study results find that religion could all hospital-days to the pool of days at risk, but a not show any difference in developing Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI), which respondent who became infected would contribute may be due to very few numbers of respondents only those hospital-days before the onset of the from Hindu and Buddhist
A study conducted by Cardoso et al.[24] where patients who developed hospital-acquired respiratory infection (HARI) had cancer, DM which is similar to present study as HAIs were influenced in both the cases by immunosuppressive conditions where respondents were more susceptible to infection
Summary
A Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI) may be defined as any clinically recognizable microbiological disease that affects the patient as a consequence of his being admitted to hospital or attending for treatment or the hospital staff as a consequence of their work, whether or not the symptoms of the disease appear while the affected person in the hospital[1].Despite significant improvement of treatment and hospital environment as well as advances in operative techniques, better understanding of pathogenesis of wound infection and widespread use of prophylactic antibiotics, HAI still remains one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, leading directly or indirectly to an enormous increase in the cost of hospital care and to the emergence of new health hazards for the community[2,3].The risk of hospital acquired infection was increased three fold by carrying of an operative procedure[4,5,6].The prevalence rates of nosocomial infection in many countries ranged from 9.2% to21.4%7. Considering all the facts, this study aimed to determine the incidence and type of hospital acquired infection (HAI) as well as to determine prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of causative microorganism for HAI in a tertiary care hospital of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Selection Criteria of the Study Population All admitted patients of all mainly general surgery, cardiology, neurology, Oncology, urology, orthopedic, Critical Care Unit during a period of 3 months from April to June 2013 and were willing to participate in the study are included in the study. The HAI was determined by reviewing the concurrent medical records and laboratory evidence (culture report) It would the number of respondents who developed HAI. Data Collection Procedure On the day of admission, screening was carried out by physical examination and reviewing of medical chart to make a note whether the respondents had any infection before admission. Measurement of Incidence The incidence was measured as incidence rate which is the number of new event (disease onsets) in a specified quantity of person-time (hospital days) in a
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