Abstract
We designed this study to identify the epidemiological characteristics and trends of various types of ocular trauma in the population of the Republic of Korea. We conducted a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional study using the Korean National Health Insurance claims database for January 2010 to December 2018. We compiled the monthly numbers of patients diagnosed with hyphema and those who received open reduction surgery due to orbital blowout fracture (BOF), primary closure of the cornea or sclera (PCCS), or intraocular foreign body (IOFB) removal. We obtained annual and monthly incidence rates, and differences according to age, sex, yearly trends, and seasonal variations. The incidence rate (per 100,000 person-years) was high in the order of hyphema (18.43), BOF (11.58), PCCS (1.99) and IOFB removal (0.39). Male predominance was evident in all types of major ocular trauma, but the age distribution varied with the type: hyphemas were most prevalent at 10–14 years of age, BOFs at 25–29 years of age, and open globe injuries (OGIs) at age 60 and older. Although all types of trauma showed significant seasonality, hyphemas (amplitude: 174.81) and BOFs (23.17) showed higher amplitudes compared to OGIs (PCCS: 11.96; IOFB removal: 6.72). While the incidence of blunt trauma injuries, including hyphemas and orbital BOFs, decreased steadily from 2010 to 2018, that of OGIs showed no remarkable change.
Highlights
We designed this study to identify the epidemiological characteristics and trends of various types of ocular trauma in the population of the Republic of Korea
The monthly numbers of primary closure of the cornea or sclera (PCCS) and of intraocular foreign body (IOFB) removals showed significant seasonality (PCCS: amplitude 11.96, p < 0.01; IOFB removal: amplitude: 6.72, p < 0.01); peaks appeared most frequently in September (Fig. 2C,D). In this nationwide population-based study of ocular trauma, highest incidence rates were shown in hyphema, blowout fracture (BOF), and open globe injuries (OGIs) respectively in descending order
We confirmed the male predominance of all major types of ocular trauma[1, 13, 14], and found clear seasonality in each type of trauma; the yearly trends, age distributions, and amplitudes of periodicities differed depending on the type of trauma
Summary
We compiled the monthly numbers of patients diagnosed with hyphema and those who received open reduction surgery due to orbital blowout fracture (BOF), primary closure of the cornea or sclera (PCCS), or intraocular foreign body (IOFB) removal. The incidence rate (per 100,000 person-years) was high in the order of hyphema (18.43), BOF (11.58), PCCS (1.99) and IOFB removal (0.39). All types of trauma showed significant seasonality, hyphemas (amplitude: 174.81) and BOFs (23.17) showed higher amplitudes compared to OGIs (PCCS: 11.96; IOFB removal: 6.72). We sought to identify the epidemiological features of major types of ocular trauma, including closed globe injuries such as hyphemas and orbital blowout fractures (BOFs) and OGIs, based on the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) claims database
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