Incidence and Risk Factors of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Emergency Hospital Mansoura University

Abstract

Background: Every year more than 10 million people are affected by traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Despite efforts being made to improve TBI care, it remains a public health problem. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is common among trauma patients. If left untreated it may result in lethal pulmonary thromboembolism. Objective: The aim of the current study was to determine the incidence and risk factors of venous thromboembolism in traumatic brain injury patients. Patients and methods: This was a prospective study, which was conducted over 200 patients with severe traumatic brain injury admitted to Emergency Hospital Mansoura University over a year from January 2020 to January 2021. Emergency Hospital Mansoura University is a level one trauma center with about 250,000 visit and 25,000 trauma cases per year. Results: RTA and MCA were demonstrated to be the most common modes followed by FFH ad lastly direct trauma. The average Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was 6.12 ± 1.937 and 69.5% of the studied cases required intubation. There were no statistically significant differences among both groups (Non-VTE versus VTE) regarding GCS as well as the need for intubation. There were no statistically significant differences among both groups concerning EDH, SDH, ICH and brain contusion, while SAH and brain edema demonstrated significant increase in non-VTE cases compared to VTE cases. Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that, TBI is a life-threatening condition with a high mortality rate and seems to be associated with significant increase in the possibility of DVT development.