Abstract
Comprehensive studies in second primary cancer (SPC) after the initial primary human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related cancer still remain warranted. We aimed to analyze the incidence and risk factors of SPC after HPV‐related cancer. We identified 86 790 patients diagnosed with initial primary HPV‐related cancer between 1973 and 2010 in the SEER database. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and cumulative incidence were calculated to assess the risk of SPC after HPV‐related cancer. The SIR of SPC after HPV‐related cancer was 1.60 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55‐1.65) for male and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.22‐1.28) for female. SIR of second primary HPV‐related cancer (7.39 [95% CI, 6.26‐8.68] male and 4.35 [95% CI, 4.04‐4.67] female) was significantly higher than that of HPV‐unrelated cancer (1.54 [95% CI, 1.49‐1.60] male and 1.16 [95% CI, 1.13‐1.19] female). The 5‐year cumulative incidence of SPC was 7.22% (95% CI, 6.89‐7.55%) for male and 3.72% (95% CI, 3.58‐3.88%) for female. Risk factors for SPC included being married and having initial primary cancer (IPC) diagnosed at earlier stage for both genders, and IPC diagnosed at older age as well as surgery performed for female. Patients diagnosed with HPV‐related cancer are more likely to develop another primary cancer, compared with the age‐specific reference population.
Highlights
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a common viral infection, with its relatively high prevalence (11% in oral cavity, 26.8% for female in genital organs, 14% for female in anus, 45.2% for male in genital organs and 16% for male in anus).1-5 Many types of HPV have been classified as Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
Risk factors of second primary cancer (SPC) included being married and initial primary cancer (IPC) diagnosed at earlier stage for both gender, and IPC diagnosed at older age as well as surgery performed for female only
The Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of SPC after HPV-related cancer was 1.60 for male and 1.25 for female. (Figure 1) SIR of second primary HPV-related cancer (7.39 [95% CI 6.26-8.68] male and 4.35 [95% CI 4.04-4.67] female) was obviously higher than that of second primary HPV-unrelated cancer
Summary
HPV infection is a common viral infection, with its relatively high prevalence (11% in oral cavity, 26.8% for female in genital organs, 14% for female in anus, 45.2% for male in genital organs and 16% for male in anus). Many types of HPV have been classified as Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). HPV infection is a common viral infection, with its relatively high prevalence (11% in oral cavity, 26.8% for female in genital organs, 14% for female in anus, 45.2% for male in genital organs and 16% for male in anus).. Many types of HPV have been classified as Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). HPV is a carcinogen in some cancers, with base of tongue, tonsillar, oropharyngeal, Waldeyer's ring, anal, vulvar, vaginal, cervical and penile cancers included.. According to the study by de Martel et al, HPV infection is responsible for 4.5% (630,000 new cases per year) of all cancer cases worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers are nowadays associated with better survival. Comprehensive studies in second primary cancer (SPC) after the initial primary HPV-related cancer still remain warranted. This study was designed to analyse the incidence and risk factors of SPC after HPV-related cancer
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