Incidence and Risk Factors of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Sudanese Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: A Descriptive Prospective Study.

Mohira A Abdalla,Bashir A Yousef,Kannan O Ahmed

doi:10.7759/cureus.21876

Mohira A Abdalla, Bashir A Yousef + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.21876

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Journal: Cureus	Publication Date: Feb 3, 2022
Citations: 3	License type: cc-by

Abstract

Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) has been reported to be the third most common cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI) and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.Objectives: This study aimed to assess the incidence and risk factors of CI-AKI in Sudanese patients undergoing coronary angiography.Methods: The study was a descriptive, prospective, hospital-based study conducted at Alshaab Hospital between January and April 2019. A total of 163 patients undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled, and a checklist was used to collect data. Chi-square and regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors of CI‑AKI. CI‑AKI was defined as a rise in serum creatinine ≥25% above baseline within three days after percutaneous coronary angiography (PCA).Results: CI‑AKI incidence in patients undergoing coronary angiography was 31.9% (52/163). Among independent variables, diabetes mellitus, the type of coronary angiography, and the volume of contrast medium were statistically significantly (p-value ˂ 0.05) associated with CI-AKI development. Logistic analysis showed that diabetes (odds ratio (OR): 15.2; 95% CI: 6.771-33.974; p = 0.001), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.168-4.901; p = 0.017), and the volume of contrast medium (OR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.440-3.054; p = 0.001) were independent predictors correlated to CI‑AKI development.Conclusion: The incidence of CI-AKI is 31.9%, and diabetes mellitus, PCI, and high volume of contrast medium are associated with a higher risk of CI-AKI in patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Highlights

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a disorder in which atheroma, thrombosis, or spasm of coronary arteries obstructs the vascular supply to the heart
CAD is currently classified to either chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) as stable angina or acute coronary syndrome (ACS), which is further classified to non-ST segment elevation ACS (NSTACS) or ST-segment elevation ACS (STACS) [3]
Management of CAD generally depends on different factors, such as whether it is ACS or CCS, the degree of coronary occlusion, and the onset of symptoms, and it includes but is not limited to immediate reperfusion through thrombolytic therapy or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), antiplatelets, and anticoagulants, and certain cases of CAD can be approached by coronary artery bypass grafting surgery [4]

Summary

Introduction

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a disorder in which atheroma, thrombosis, or spasm of coronary arteries obstructs the vascular supply to the heart. This may reduce the supply of oxygenated blood to heart tissue to the point that myocardial ischemia occurs, which, if severe or prolonged, can result in cardiac muscle cell death [1]. CAD is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and remains a substantial contributor to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure [2]. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) has been reported to be the third most common cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI) and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality

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