Abstract
BackgroundMany studies have been conducted to assess the incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD). However, results were greatly inconsistent among these studies with a broad range of findings.MethodsA prospective census-based cohort study was conducted in Qingdao, China, from August 1, 2018 to April 30, 2019. All of the local registered pregnant women were continuously investigated and followed from 15 to 20 weeks of gestation to delivery, tracking the CHD cases in both the fetal and neonatal stages. A logistic regression model was applied to assess the association between CHD and possible risk factors.ResultsThe positive rate of prenatal CHD screening was 14.36 per 1000 fetuses and the incidence of CHD was 9.38 per 1000 live births. Results from logistic regression indicated that, living in the countryside (odds ratio, (OR): 0.771; 95% confidence interval, (CI): 0.628–0.946) and having a childbearing history (OR: 0.802; 95%CI: 0.676–0.951) were negatively associated with CHD. However, twin pregnancy (OR: 1.957, 95% CI: 1.245–3.076), illness in the first trimester (OR: 1.306; 95% CI: 1.048–1.628), a family history of CHD (OR: 7.156; 95% CI: 3.293–15.552), and having a child with a birth defect (OR: 2.086; 95% CI: 1.167–3.731) were positively associated with CHD.ConclusionCHD is a serious health problem in Qingdao. The CHD incidence found in this study was similar to existing research. The positive rate of prenatal CHD screening was higher than the incidence of neonatal CHD. Moreover, CHD risk factors were identified in our study, and our findings may have great implications for formation CHD intervention strategies.
Highlights
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is typically defined as a structural abnormality of the heart and/or great vessels during the embryonic period, known as congenital heart malformation
Among all the pregnant women, we were able to identify 805 (1.24%) pregnancies that ended with termination of pregnancy, abortion, or stillbirth, 63,958 (98.76%) pregnancies in which newborns were delivered, and 348 (0.54%) pregnancies in which the outcome could not be tracked due to failure to follow-up
It revealed that the incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) in the neonatal stage is close to existing research results, and that the positive rate of prenatal CHD screening is higher than that of the incidence of ICD-11 code
Summary
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is typically defined as a structural abnormality of the heart and/or great vessels during the embryonic period, known as congenital heart malformation. Many studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of CHD and its associated factors. In China, CHD was identified in 1103 neonates, with an updated overall prevalence of 8.98 per 1000 in 18 hospitals, including the eastern and western regions [5]. An increasing body of data has revealed the different incidences of CHD in different areas. We think that this phenomenon might be related to study methods in addition to genetic and environmental factors, because bias in the sampling monitor could result in inaccurate data. We aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors of CHD in Qingdao. Many studies have been conducted to assess the incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD). Results were greatly inconsistent among these studies with a broad range of findings
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