Incidence and risk factors of bloodstream catheter-related infections in hemodialysis patients

Abstract

Bloodstream catheter-related infections (BCRIs) are the most common complications of temporary catheters in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study was designed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of bloodstream catheter-related infections in hemodialysis patients. Also, we aimed to identify the microorganisms isolated from the bloodstream and catheter of patients. From March 2012 to April 2013, this cross-sectional descriptive study was performed. A questionnaire that included demographic and medical data was completed for each case. Also, laboratory data, including catheter and blood cultures, were collected for each case. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. A P value <0.05 was considered significant. A total of 236 temporary hemodialysis catheters were inserted in 220 patients. A total of 44 BCRIs were found during the study period. Staphylococcus aureus was a common pathogenic organism in BCRIs. BCRIs rate was 11.4/1,000 catheter-days and 15.1/1,000 dialysis sessions. Our analysis indicated that poor patient hygiene and poor hygiene of the medical staff, duration of catheterization, and high number of catheter manipulation were associated with BCRIs. The most effective method of prevention seems to be the promotion of the infection control precautions that should be emphasized by educating and training the health providers. We still need to adopt measures to minimize the use of temporary vascular accesses by creation of fistulas in a timely fashion.