Abstract
The study’s purpose was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of tractional macular detachment after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pretreatment before vitrectomy for complicated proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Patients who underwent primary vitrectomy for complicated proliferative diabetic retinopathy, from January 2012 to 31 December 2018, were enrolled. Ophthalmic and pre-operative data were extracted from electronic record systems. All eyes with a valuable Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)performed within 5 days before injection of anti-VEGF and on the day of vitrectomy were included. Multivariable logistic regression showed that significant risk factors for developing tractional macular detachment included days between anti-VEGF and vitrectomy (OR, 0.71 [95% CI 0.65–0.76]; p < 0.001), vitreous hemorrhage (OR, 0.23 [95% CI 0.11–0.49]; p < 0.001), and age (OR, 1.05 [95% CI 1.02–1.08]; p < 0.001). Decision-tree analysis showed that the stronger predictors of tractional macular detachment were the time between anti-VEGF injection and vitrectomy (p < 0.001). Secondary predictors were the presence of vitreous hemorrhage (p = 0.012) in eyes that underwent vitrectomy between 6 and 10 days after anti-VEGF injection and younger age (p = 0.031) in eyes that underwent vitrectomy 10 days after anti-VEGF injection. Tractional macular detachment occurs in 10% of eyes after anti-VEGF injection, the main risk factors being days between anti-VEGF injection and vitrectomy, vitreous hemorrhage, and age.
Highlights
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of visual loss in working-age adults in developed countries [1]
Intra-vitreal administration of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor is variably used as an addition to vitrectomy to improve the outcome of surgery by reducing the incidence of intra-operative and post-operative vitreous hemorrhage and to ease the delamination of fibrovascular membranes [11,12,13]
Intra-vitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been proved to be able to increase the severity of fibrosis with progression or development of tractional retinal detachment (TRD) shortly after injection in patients affected by Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)
Summary
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of visual loss in working-age adults in developed countries [1]. Intra-vitreal administration of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) is variably used as an addition to vitrectomy to improve the outcome of surgery by reducing the incidence of intra-operative and post-operative vitreous hemorrhage and to ease the delamination of fibrovascular membranes [11,12,13]. Intra-vitreal anti-VEGF has been proved to be able to increase the severity of fibrosis with progression or development of TRD shortly after injection in patients affected by PDR. A fibrotic switch has been shown in diabetic fibrovascular proliferative membranes after bevacizumab [18,19,20] The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of tractional macular detachment (TMD) following intra-vitreal anti-VEGF pretreatment before vitrectomy for complicated PDR
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