Incidence and Risk Factors for De Novo Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Contemporary Cohort of Long-Term Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Survivors

Abstract

Improvement in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) strategies and supportive care have contributed to a growing number of long-term survivors. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common skin cancer in these HCT survivors, and there are reported associations with immunosuppressive therapies (e.g., calcineurin inhibitors); antifungals (e.g., voriconazole); and post-HCT complications, such as chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (Kuklinski et al., 2017). That said, previous studies have included patients primarily treated during earlier transplant eras and have not accounted for changing patterns in HCT practice, such as improved GVHD prophylaxis and management, greater utilization of nonmyeloablative conditioning, and increasing numbers of HCTs performed in older individuals (D’Souza et al., 2020) who may be at higher risk of cSCC at baseline.