Abstract
BackgroundPrimary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare thyroid malignancy, there are few large sample studies on PTL and no standardized treatment regimen has been established due to the rarity. The aims of this study were to explore the incidence and prognostic factors of PTL and construct visual prognostic prediction models for post-chemotherapy and postoperative patients.MethodsThe incidence of PTL in 1975–2017 was extracted from the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, then assessed using joinpoint regression software. A total of 1616 eligible PTL patients diagnosed in 1998–2016 were brought into prognostic analysis. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were carried out to reveal independent prognostic elements for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS).ResultsPTL incidence showed a relatively steady increase in 1975–1994, which annual percent change (APC) was 4.0%, and steady decreasing in 1994–2017(APC − 2.4%). Age, marital status, lymphoma Ann Arbor stage, histological subtypes, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation were significantly correlated to OS and CSS. Nomograms were constructed to predict OS and CSS in post-chemotherapy and postoperative PTL patients separately, and were verified to have good reliability.ConclusionsThe incidence of PTL increased and subsequently decreased. We revealed the prognostic implications and constructed reliable nomograms for post-chemotherapy and postoperative PTL patients.
Highlights
Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare thyroid malignancy, there are few large sample studies on PTL and no standardized treatment regimen has been established due to the rarity
We explored the incidence of PTL using the SEER database at the beginning, constructed the nomograms for patients after chemotherapy and after surgery, and visualized the prognostic models to achieve the effect that can be used clinically
Incidence steadily growing from 1975 to 1994, which annual percent change (APC) was 4.0% and continuously decreased from 1994 to 2017, with an APC of − 2.4% (Fig. 1a)
Summary
Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare thyroid malignancy, there are few large sample studies on PTL and no standardized treatment regimen has been established due to the rarity. Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is an unusual malignancy, which is defined as an extra-nodal lymphoma confined to the thyroid without any involvement of other areas, comprising approximately 5% of all thyroid malignant tumors and fewer than 3% of all extra-nodal lymphomas, intrinsically related to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis [1]. It is 2–8 times more common in women than in men. Due to the rarity of PTL, no standardized treatment regimen has been established
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