Incidence and Prevalence of Rare Forms of Anemia in Children of Orel Region

Abstract

Background. Anemia affects one third of the world's population. Many scientific publications are devoted to anemia. Side issues of morbidity and prevalence of rare forms of anemia (RFA) and severe iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children are not sufficiently covered due to difficulties with its assessment.Objective. The aim of the study is to study incidence and prevalence of severe IDA and RFA among children of Orel.Materials and methods. Cohort epidemiological study of primary blood system diseases in children aged from 5 days to 18 years was conducted based on the only children's department of hematology in Orel region. Inclusion of new patients and event fixation (recovery, death, relapse, loss for observation) were performed prospectively. According to the obtained data, incidence and prevalence rates were calculated. Follow-up duration was 1–5 years.Results. 175 novel cases of blood diseases were recorded over 5 years. 160 were subject for analysis, including 28 cases of severe IDA and 27 cases of RFA. The mean incidence rate of severe IDA was almost equal to its prevalence and was 4.1 (standard deviation (SD) = 1.5), RFA — 4.0 (SD = 2.1) per 100,000 of children population. Mean incidence rate of hereditary spherocytosis was 1.48 (SD = 2.1), megaloblastic anemia (V12-DA) — 0.74 (SD = 0.90) acquired aplastic anemia (AA) — 0.59 (SD = 0.81), beta-thalassemia — 0.45 (SD = 0.66), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) — 0.44 (SD = 0.66), congenital АА — 0.30 (SD = 066) per 100,000 of children population.Conclusion. The incidence and prevalence of severe IDA and RFA among children of Orel region is comparable to the world literature data. The incidence rate of children with megaloblastic anemia was calculated for the first time.