Incidence and predictive risk factors of postoperative sepsis in orthopedic trauma patients

Nikita Lakomkin,Hassan Mir,Manish K. Sethi,Vasanth Sathiyakumar,Michelle S. Shen,William T. Obremskey,Ashley C. Dodd,Brandon Wick,A. Alex Jahangir

doi:10.1007/s10195-016-0437-4

Nikita Lakomkin, Hassan Mir + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10195-016-0437-4

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Abstract

BackgroundPostoperative sepsis is associated with high mortality and the national costs of septicemia exceed those of any other diagnosis. While numerous studies in the basic orthopedic science literature suggest that traumatic injuries facilitate the development of sepsis, it is currently unclear whether orthopedic trauma patients are at increased risk. The purpose of this study was thus to assess the incidence of sepsis and determine the risk factors that significantly predicted septicemia following orthopedic trauma surgery.Materials and methods56,336 orthopedic trauma patients treated between 2006 and 2013 were identified in the ACS-NSQIP database. Documentation of postoperative sepsis/septic shock, demographics, surgical variables, and preoperative comorbidities was collected. Chi-squared analyses were used to assess differences in the rates of sepsis between trauma and nontrauma groups. Binary multivariable regressions identified risk factors that significantly predicted the development of postoperative septicemia in orthopedic trauma patients.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the overall rates of both sepsis and septic shock between orthopedic trauma (1.6%) and nontrauma (0.5%) patients (p < 0.001). For orthopedic trauma patients, ventilator use (OR = 15.1, p = 0.002), history of pain at rest (OR = 2.8, p = 0.036), and prior sepsis (OR = 2.6, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with septicemia. Statistically predictive, modifiable comorbidities included hypertension (OR = 2.1, p = 0.003) and the use of corticosteroids (OR = 2.1, p = 0.016).ConclusionsThere is a significantly greater incidence of postoperative sepsis in the trauma cohort. Clinicians should be aware of these predictive characteristics, may seek to counsel at-risk patients, and should consider addressing modifiable risk factors such as hypertension and corticosteroid use preoperatively.Level of evidence Level III.

Highlights

The development of postoperative sepsis is a common yet serious complication that has been associated with significant morbidity and death, resulting in mortality rates ranging from 28 to 50% [1,2,3,4]
Background Postoperative sepsis is associated with high mortality and the national costs of septicemia exceed those of any other diagnosis
The purpose of this study was to utilize the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement (NSQIP) database in order to elucidate whether trauma patients are at increased risk for developing sepsis and septic shock compared to orthopedic patients without traumatic injuries

Summary

Introduction

The development of postoperative sepsis is a common yet serious complication that has been associated with significant morbidity and death, resulting in mortality rates ranging from 28 to 50% [1,2,3,4]. Between 2000 and 2008, the rate of sepsis-induced hospitalizations more than doubled, and the development of septicemia has been associated with significant increases in inpatient length of stay and resource utilization [1, 4]. These challenges have created remarkable implications for healthcare expenditure in the United States. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of sepsis and determine the risk factors that significantly predicted septicemia following orthopedic trauma surgery. Binary multivariable regressions identified risk factors that significantly predicted the development of postoperative septicemia in orthopedic trauma patients

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