Abstract
ObjectiveInfluenza virus infections cause a high disease and economic burden during seasonal epidemics. However, there is still a need for reliable disease burden estimates to provide a more detailed picture of the impact of influenza. Therefore, the objectives of this study is to estimate the incidence of hospitalisation for influenza virus infection and associated hospitalisation costs in adult patients in the Netherlands during two consecutive influenza seasons.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study in adult patients with a laboratory confirmed influenza virus infection in three Dutch hospitals during respiratory seasons 2014–2015 and 2015–2016. Incidence was calculated as the weekly number of hospitalised influenza patients divided by the total population in the catchment populations of the three hospitals. Arithmetic mean hospitalisation costs per patient were estimated and included costs for emergency department consultation, diagnostics, general ward and/or intensive care unit admission, isolation, antibiotic and/or antiviral treatment. These hospitalisation costs were extrapolated to national level and expressed in 2017 euros.ResultsThe study population consisted of 380 hospitalised adult influenza patients. The seasonal cumulative incidence was 3.5 cases per 10,000 persons in respiratory season 2014–2015, compared to 1.8 cases per 10,000 persons in 2015–2016. The arithmetic mean hospitalisation cost per influenza patient was €6128 (95% CI €4934–€7737) per patient in 2014–2015 and €8280 (95% CI €6254–€10,665) in 2015–2016, potentially reaching total hospitalisation costs of €28 million in 2014–2015 and €20 million in 2015–2016.ConclusionsInfluenza virus infections lead to 1.8–3.5 hospitalised patients per 10,000 persons, with mean hospitalisation costs of €6100–€8300 per adult patient, resulting in 20–28 million euros annually in The Netherlands. The highest arithmetic mean hospitalisation costs per patient were found in the 45–64 year age group. These influenza burden estimates could be used for future influenza cost-effectiveness and impact studies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s10198-020-01172-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Influenza virus infections cause a high disease and economic burden during seasonal epidemics
A total number of 380 influenza patients were admitted to the three Dutch hospitals during respiratory seasons 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 (Table 1)
A high proportion of influenza patients were treated with antibiotics (79%), because of a suspected bacterial superinfection as a complication of influenza
Summary
Influenza virus infections cause a high disease and economic burden during seasonal epidemics. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that seasonal influenza epidemics. Extended author information available on the last page of the article caused annually 3–5 Mio. cases of severe disease [1]. Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory deaths amount to 4.0–8.8 per 100,000 persons annually, but wide variation between countries exists [2]. The highest burden of disease due to influenza is seen in the specific high-risk groups: children aged 0–4 years and elderly with underlying comorbidities [3]. In Europe, influenza is the infectious disease with the highest estimated annual burden, responsible for 30% of the total burden caused by 31 selected infectious diseases [4]. In The Netherlands, the burden was estimated at 16,316 disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in 2016, using an
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