Incidence and case-fatality from spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in a southern region of Portugal

Abstract

BackgroundThere is scarce information on incidence and case fatality of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) in certain regions of the world, including in Europe. There is no community-based data on SICH in Southern Portugal. AimTo determine the incidence and early case-fatality from SICH in Algarve, the southernmost region of Portugal. MethodsThe recommended criteria for stroke incidence studies was used to identify cases of incident first-ever SICH from January 1st to December 31st 2015 in a subregion with 280,081 inhabitants. Crude incidence rates per age group and gender; standardized rates to the European population; and age adjusted case fatality rates were calculated. ResultsEighty-two first-ever cases of SICH (64.6% men) occurred. The mean age was 72.3 years (SD±12.1); women were 3 years older than men on average and had more frequently lobar SICH. The crude annual incidence rate was 29.2/100,000 (95% CI 23.4- 38.6; p<0.001); higher in men (39.7/100,000) than women (19.8/100,000). The standardized to the European population incidence was 15.1/100,000 (95% CI 3.6–18.9; p<0.05); 26.9 and 10.9/100,000 for men and women respectively. The 30-day case-fatality was 40 % (95% CI 29–51) and increased steeply with age ConclusionThe incidence of SICH in Southern Portugal was high, but within the figures found in some parts of Europe. However, a marked predominance of males was found and the case-fatality rate was amongst the highest reported in western countries.