Abstract
Background Complications of peripheral intravenous catheters cause problems in clinical practice and bring high costs in terms of morbidity and mortality of patients. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the incidence and associated factors of failed first peripheral intravenous catheters among adult patients in selected Public Referral Hospitals of West Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, 2021. Materials and Methods An institution-based prospective observational study was conducted among 423 adult patients from January to February 2021. Patients were selected using systematic random sampling techniques. The data were collected using interviewer-based, structured questionnaires and observational checklists. EPI-DATA 3.1 and SPSS version-23 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Frequency, percentages, and means were calculated. The outcome variable was determined and graded based on phlebitis and infiltration scales. Binary and multivariable logistics regressions were computed. Results Four hundred and seventeen first peripheral cannula sites from 418 patients were followed for 2,565 peripheral catheter hours. A failed first peripheral intravenous catheter was observed in 124 (29.7%, CI: 25.6–34) adult patients. Patients who were female (AOR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.22–0.74) had cannula duration of 49–72 hours (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.14–0.7) and 73–96 hours (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17–0.9), and patients who had been given electrolytes (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11–0.86) were more likely to have failed first peripheral intravenous cannula. Conclusions Failed first peripheral intravenous cannula is much higher as compared to the acceptable rate of ≤5% by the Infusion Nurses Society. Hence, all patients with peripheral intravenous catheters are screened for catheter failure at least once a day. Providing appropriate nursing care and patient education is also required to reduce the risks.
Highlights
Complications of peripheral intravenous catheters cause problems in clinical practice and bring high costs in terms of morbidity and mortality of patients. erefore, this study aimed to assess the incidence and associated factors of failed first peripheral intravenous catheters among adult patients in selected Public Referral Hospitals of West Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, 2021
To calculate the sample size, we considered the incidence of the first Peripheral intravenous catheter PTB (PIVC) complication as 50% and with an alpha error of 5% and a power of 95%. en, 423 sample sizes were required for the study. ere are five referral hospitals in West Amhara regional state from which the samples were taken
A complication related to the peripheral catheter was observed in one-third of the patients, and phlebitis accounted for the majority of the complications. e majority of the complication was grade −1 in both phlebitis and infiltration
Summary
Complications of peripheral intravenous catheters cause problems in clinical practice and bring high costs in terms of morbidity and mortality of patients. erefore, this study aimed to assess the incidence and associated factors of failed first peripheral intravenous catheters among adult patients in selected Public Referral Hospitals of West Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, 2021. Complications of peripheral intravenous catheters cause problems in clinical practice and bring high costs in terms of morbidity and mortality of patients. A failed first peripheral intravenous catheter was observed in 124 (29.7%, CI: 25.6–34) adult patients. A peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVCs) is a short catheter inserted into the vein on the peripheral areas of the patients [1]. Ey lead to problems in clinical practice and cause patient discomfort/pain, catheter replacement, increased medical treatment and length of hospital stay, with high cost in terms of morbidity and mortality [4, 6, 12], and increases the workload for replacement and follow-up of the devices [11] Failures take in the form of phlebitis, infiltration, occlusion/mechanical failure, dislodgment, and infection, any of which alone or in combination leads to removal of the catheter before the end of its intended dwell time [5, 6]. ese complications are serious yet preventable adverse events to the patients [12]. ey lead to problems in clinical practice and cause patient discomfort/pain, catheter replacement, increased medical treatment and length of hospital stay, with high cost in terms of morbidity and mortality [4, 6, 12], and increases the workload for replacement and follow-up of the devices [11]
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