Abstract

espanolThe goal of expanding participation in the European Banking Union was to allow the “outs” to enter into close cooperation, but it did not include the simultaneous joining of the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II). Focusing on the cases of Bulgaria and Croatia, this paper attempts to respond to various questions. What is the rationale behind the double requirement of having simultaneously to apply to become a member of the ERM II and to prepare to become a member of the Banking Union via the rule-based “close-cooperation” coordination mechanism between the EU non-euro-area national competent authorities (NCAs) and the European Central Bank (ECB)? Does the integration of close-cooperation countries’ banking systems with the euro-area banking systems support the decision to join the ERM II and “opting in” to the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM)? What are the advantages of preparing to become a full member of the euro area and the SSM? It is evident from the research undertaken in this paper that there are clear benefits of close cooperation for these member states whose domestic currencies are already linked to the euro, in view of the dominant position eurozone banks have in their respective domestic markets. It is more difficult for a national central bank or NCA to exercise discretion in implementing ECB decisions once it is committed to the path leading to full European Monetary Union (EMU) membership. Hence the commitment to join the EMU minimises the authority risk for the ECB as well as for the Single Resolution Board, as safeguards become non-significant and termination is not an issue. The uncertainty about the functioning and durability of the close-cooperation arrangement is largely removed. EnglishEl objetivo de ampliar la participacion en la union bancaria europea era permitir que los paises outs entablaran una cooperacion estrecha, pero no incluia la participacion simultanea en el mecanismo de tipo de cambio (ERM II, por sus siglas en ingles). Centrandose en los casos de Bulgaria y Croacia, este documento intenta responder a varias preguntas. ?Cual es la justificacion del doble requisito de tener que postularse simultaneamente para convertirse en miembro del ERM II y prepararse para convertirse en miembro de la union bancaria a traves del mecanismo de coordinacion de «estrecha cooperacion», basado en normas entre las autoridades nacionales competentes (ANC) de los paises de la Union Europea que no pertenecen al area del euro y el Banco Central Europeo (BCE)? ?La integracion de los sistemas bancarios de los paises en estrecha cooperacion con los sistemas bancarios de la zona del euro respalda la decision de adherirse al ERM II y «optar» por el Mecanismo Unico de Supervision (MUS)? ?Cuales son las ventajas de prepararse para convertirse en miembro de pleno derecho de la zona del euro y del MUS? A partir de la investigacion realizada en este documento, es evidente que existen claros beneficios de una estrecha cooperacion para estos Estados miembros cuyas monedas nacionales ya estan vinculadas al euro, en vista de la posicion dominante que tienen los bancos de la eurozona en sus respectivos mercados nacionales. Es mas dificil para un banco central nacional o una ANC ejercer su discrecion en la implementacion de las decisiones del BCE una vez que esta comprometido con el camino que conduce a la plena adhesion a la Union Economica y Monetaria (UEM). Por lo tanto, el compromiso de unirse a la UEM minimiza el riesgo de autoridad para el BCE y para la Junta Unica de Resolucion, ya que las salvaguardias dejan de ser significativas y la rescision no es un problema. La incertidumbre sobre el funcionamiento y la durabilidad del acuerdo de cooperacion estrecha se ha eliminado en gran medida.

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