Inactive Vibrio cholerae whole-cell vaccine-loaded biodegradable microparticles: in vitro release and oral vaccination

Abstract

An approach is proposed using Vibrio cholerae (VC)-loaded microparticles as oral vaccine delivery systems for improved vaccine bioavailability and increased therapeutic efficacy. The VC-loaded microparticles were prepared with 50:50 poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG), 75:25 poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) and poly(lactide acid) (PLA)/PEG blend copolymers by the solvent evaporation method. VC was successfully entrapped in three types of microparticles with loading efficiencies and loading levels as follows: 50:50 PLG systems: 97.8% and 55.4 ± 6.9 µg/mg; 75:25 PLG systems: 89.2% and 46.5 ± 4.4 µg/mg; PLA/PEG-blended systems: 82.6% and 53.7 ± 5.8 µg/mg. The different distributions of VC in the core region and on the surface were as follows: 50:50 PLG systems 25.7 ± 1.9 and 6.2 ± 0.9 µg/mg; 75:25 PLG systems: 25.8 ± 2.2 and 3.6 ± 0.4 µg/mg; PLA/PEG-blended systems: 32.4 ± 2.1 and 5.2 ± 1.0 µg/mg, respectively. In vitro active release of VC was affected mainly by matrix type and VC-loaded location in microparticles. The therapeutic immunogenic potential of VC loaded with 50:50 PLG, 75:25 PLG and PLA/PEG-blended microparticles was evaluated in adult mice by oral immunization. Significantly higher antibody responses and serum immunoglobin Ig G, IgA and IgM responses were obtained when sera from both VC-loaded 75:25 PLG and PLA/PEG-blended microparticles immunized mice were titrated against VC. The most immunogenicity in evoking serum IgG, IgA and IgM responses was immunized by VC-loaded PLA/PEG-blended microparticles, and with VC challenge in mice, the survival rate (91.7%).