Abstract
The inhibition of Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in plants has been widely researched for their important roles in browning reaction. A newly found germin-like protein (GLP) with high PPO activity in Satsuma mandarine was inactivated by low-frequency high-intensity ultrasonic (20kHz) processing. The effects of ultrasound on PPO activity and structure of GLP were investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), circular dichroism (CD) spectral measurement and fluorescence spectral measurement. The lowest PPO activity achieved was 27.4% following ultrasonication for 30min at 400W. DLS analysis showed ultrasound caused both aggregation and dissociation of GLP particles. TEM images also demonstrated protein aggregation phenomena. CD spectra exhibited a certain number of loss in α-helix structure content. Fluorescence spectra showed remarkable increase in fluorescence intensity with tiny blue-shift following ultrasonication. In conclusion, ultrasound applied in this study induced structural changes of GLP and eventually inactivated PPO activity.
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